Are Americans Starving To Death Education Essay

Food insecurity is defined as non ever holding entree to enough nutrient for active, healthy life Seccombe, 2007. America is thought of as a rich and comfortable state and many people would ne'er believe that there is a hunger issue. But, the U.S. authorities spends near to $ 1 trillion a twelvemonth supplying money, nutrient, lodging, and medical attention to hapless and low-income households. Of the $ 1 trillion, approximately $ 111 billion is spent on nutrient entirely ( Kozak, 2012 ) . It is normally thought that the jobs associated with hungriness are confined to certain countries of the state or certain vicinities, but that is non the instance. Right now, 1000000s of people all over America are fighting with hungriness. It ‘s clip for people to go educated about the causes and possible solutions of hungriness in America.Historical Background of the issueFolklore from the in-between ages frequently echoed the problems of the people ‘s day-to-day lives, which included hungriness. In these narratives kids of households that could non afford to maintain them were left to roll in the wood and if the kids found a faery their first want was on a regular basis nutrient ( Weill, 2012 ) . It has been thought throughout history that most Americans lead lives of luxury. That is n't difficult to believe since films and telecasting shows portray America as a civilization of wealths. Conversations about utmost hungriness and poorness have about vanished from popular civilization and the society as a whole ( Weill, 2012 ) . Hunger and nutrient insecurity are the consequences of old ages of workplace favoritism, deficient authorities assistance, and other economic jobs. The recession had a big negative impact on hungriness issue in America. â€Å" From 1999 to 2007, the economic system grew, but most benefits of growing went to the flush. Food insecurity rose from 10.1 per centum in 1999 to 11.1 per centum of families in 2007 † ( Weill, 2012 ) . A survey conducted by the USDA shows that in 2005, approximately 12 per centum of Americans ( 35 million people ) were unable to set nutrient on the tabular array at least portion of the twelvemonth, and that 11 million people reported traveling hungry on juncture ( 12 Percentage, 2006 ) . Throughout history hungriness has continued to be a job in America, from the earliest colonists to modern twenty-four hours households, seting nutrient on the tabular array is an issue that impacts many people.The Prevalence and Seriousness of the IssueIn 2007 the per centum of nutrient insecure families in America was 11.1 per centum ( Lewis and Burd-Sharps, 2010 ) . In 2011, a sum of 50.1 million Americans lived in nutrient insecure families. Of the 50.1 million, 33.5 million were grownups and 16.7 million were kids ( Feeding America, 2012 ) . Every county in America is affected by nutrient insecurity. Steele County, ND has the lowest per centum of nutrient insecure families, while Holmes County, MS has the highest per centum of nutrient insecure families ( Feeding America, 2012 ) . In one of the richest states on Earth, there are still those without adequate to eat.The Impact of the Issue on FamiliesIn nutrient insecure households each member is affected. Young kids from nutrient insecure households frequently have reduced societal and cognitive development, along with more wellness jobs and high hospitalization rates. School-age kids are most frequently affected by nutrient insecurity in their school public presentation. Math and reading tonss are normally lower than other kids ‘s, they besides have a harder clip paying attending in category, and frequently move out. Among adolescents, nutrient insecurity is associated with self-destructive ideas and depression ( Chilton and Rabinowich, 2010 ) . Even moderate nutrient insecurity has an impact on people. Pregnant adult females that do n't hold proper nutrition addition the hazard of certain birth defects and low baby birth weight. Very immature kids with bad nutrition due to chair nutrient insecurity can be stunted in their growing and have delayed cognitive development. Overall, kids that suffer from nutrient insecurity are most affected in their physical and cognitive growing, doing them to dawdle behind their equals and larn less ( Weill, 2012 ) . Adults that suffer from nutrient insecurity are frequently less productive and have poorer wellness. Adult hungriness besides harms kids. When grownups go hungry to protect kids the ensuing emphasis and depression, non merely harms the grownups, but besides the impacts that kids ‘s mental wellness and schooling ( Weill, 2012 ) . Hunger in America impacts the lives of kids and grownups. Their mental, physical and emotional wellness are greatly affected by the deficiency of nutrition and the emphasis of non holding plenty nutrient.Pro and Con Sides of the IssueThree â€Å" Key Players † Who Influence and are in Support of the IssueAuxiliary Nutrition Assistance Program ( SNAP ) , the Particular Auxiliary Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children plan ( WIC ) , and the National School Lunch plan are the three chief plans that influence the hungriness state of affairs in America ( Weill, 2012 ) . The state ‘s largest nutrition plan is SNAP and the figure of people utilizing this plan is increasing each twelvemonth. In 2000 there was an norm of 17.2 million people profiting from SNAP each month, in 2008 that figure jumped to an norm of 28 million people per month ( Weill, 2012 ) . WIC is another federal aid plan that works to conflict the hunger issue in America. The people that benefit from WIC are low income pregnant adult females, suckling adult females and kids under the age of five. The services provided through WIC are auxiliary nutrient, expression, nutrition instruction, entree to healthcare and other societal services ( USDA, 2012 ) . The National School Lunch Program ( NSLP ) is a federally aided repast plan that helps feed school kids. NSLP operates in public and non-profit-making private schools. This plan provides nutritionally balanced, low-priced or free tiffins to measure uping kids each school twenty-four hours ( USDA, 2012 ) . These three plans, along with other nutrient aid plans, work to conflict the issue of hungriness in America.Three Key Players Who are in Opposition of the IssueAlthough there are many plans and organisations that work to cut down the figure of households traveling hungry, there are people who do non believe that hungriness is an issue at all in America. Census Bureau information is the chief grounds for people in resistance of the hungriness issue. In 2009 the Census Bureau reported that of the about 50 million Americans classified as hapless the bulk said that they did n't travel hungry. Many of the parents classified as hapless ( 96 % to be exact ) said their kids were ne'er hungr y in 2009. An even more surprising statistic is that 82 % of hapless grownups said they were ne'er hungry at any clip in 2009 due to a deficiency of nutrient or money ( Kozak, 2012 ) . In the 2010-11 school twelvemonth, about 373,000 kids in Wisconsin received free school tiffins. The disagreement with this information is that there are nowhere near 373,000 childs in Wisconsin that come from households that live below the poorness line. This information suggests that households are taking advantage of the school tiffin plan and that middle-class and upper-middle-class childs that do non measure up for free school tiffins are eating tiffin at taxpayer disbursal ( Kozak, 2012 ) .The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Key Player ‘s PositionsThe organisations in support of the hungriness issue in America have many strengths in their place. They have used the statistics from metropoliss, counties and provinces from around the state to understand that hunger state of affairs. From that information they have formed plans specifically created for the most prevailing state of affairss, such as, households populating under the poorness line, pregnant female parents, and k ids. The failings of the protagonists of the hungriness state of affairs in America are chiefly that they do n't look to be decreasing the issue. As many statistics have shown over the old ages, the figure of households with nutrient insecurity have increased, non decreased. The people in resistance to the hungriness issue in America have several strengths to their place. There is grounds that hungriness may non be as large of an issue among the hapless as antecedently believed. The statistics about hapless households describing that they do n't travel hungry is one of the chief strengths. The failing of the resistance ‘s statement is that the ground why the hapless are describing that they do n't travel hungry is frequently because they are having nutrient aid. Without the nutrient aid they would most probably go hungry and the resistance would hold no grounds.Are their Arguments Converting?Both the supportive groups and the opposing groups have reasonably convincing statements. Both sides have statistical grounds to back up their claims and are able to explicate why they are right. The chief ground why the opposing group ‘s statements are less convincing is that their statistical grounds could be proven false if the people interviewed were having nutrient aid. For case, the people that report non traveling hungry in 2009 may be able to state that because of auxiliary nutrient plans.DecisionsCurrent Laws that have been passed in Regards to the IssueThe National School Lunch Act was signed into jurisprudence in 1946 by President Harry Truman. This jurisprud ence created the National School Lunch Program that provides low-cost or free tiffins for kids. Another jurisprudence that was passed is the Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act of 2010. This jurisprudence authorizes funding for the USDA ‘s nucleus kid nutrition plans ( USDA, 2012 ) . A 3rd jurisprudence passed is the Food Stamp Act of 1964 which authorized a nutrient cast plan to allow low income families to have benefits.Are these Laws Helping or Worsening the Situation?These Torahs have helped many single people to non travel hungry, but overall they have non made a immense dent in the figure of people with an deficient sum of nutrient. The figure of people on nutrient aid plans is lifting each twelvemonth and shows that more and more people need aid. These plans are maintaining people from hungering, but they are non assisting change by reversal the procedure so they can feed themselves. Fraud is a major job with many of these plans. Many people will have the benefits of nutrient aid when they do n't really necessitate it or even use multiple times. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo are presently at odds over whether to go on an anti-fraud effort to fingerprint receivers. Mayor Bloomberg believes that fingerprinting receivers will salvage 1000000s of taxpayer dollars by maintaining people from using for aid multiple times. However, Mr. Cuomo believes that coercing the receivers to be fingerprinted stigmatizes them and will maintain hungry kids from eating ( Kozak, 2012 ) .The Future of this Issue and my Prediction of What will Happen in 20 old ages from Now in Regards to the IssueI do n't see this issue being resolved anytime shortly. There are so many other issue that are tied in with hungriness that they would all hold to be solved before hungriness was wholly extinguished in America. I do non believe that the issue will diminish in the following 20 old ages because at that place seems to be a turning tendency of the figure of people necessitating to utilize nutrient aid plans.Changes or Improvements I would urge for the Direction of this IssueTo stop hunger both authorities intercession and single engagement would be needed ( Mariana and Rabinowich, 2010 ) . If a full-time lower limit pay occupation wages excessively small to run into a household ‘s basic demands, improved nutrient cast and school repasts plans can cut down enduring but will non stop hungriness. To alter the figure of hungry people in America the state must increase the incomes of as many households as possible to above the poorness line. To carry through this the federal lower limit pay would necessitate to be increased, along bettering unemployment insurance, child support recovery, and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families plan ( TANF ) ( Weill, 2012 ) . Overall, to better the issue of hungriness in America, I would go on to supply nutrient aid, but I would besides work to assist households go self-sufficing.

Legal, professional and ethical issues relating to patients

Abstract The role of professionalism, ethics and the law has a direct impact on the experience of a patient in the modern world. This essay examines several facets that impact the patient and play a factor in the level of care provided. The data provided illustrates the integrated nature of the three aspects as well as demonstrating the benefit of ethical action. This essay will be of use to any researcher identifying patient rights. 1 Introduction The legal, professional and ethical issues surrounding patients have long been a matter of debate (Baylis, 2010). This essay assesses the state of expectations that surrounds each of these areas in an effort to identify specific elements that provide clarity. Beginning with a base background this evaluation will define each element in order to create a foundation for continued study. Next will be a critical appraisal of the ethical, legal and professional issues that have an impact on a patient seeking assistance. A combination of the elements of this essay will create the capacity to illustrate the strengths and detriments commonly associated with being a patient in the modern system. In the end, this essay examines past policy, modern practice and future potential in an effort to establish a better understanding of the professional, legal and ethical issues that influence and impact patients. 2 Patient Issues2.1 BackgroundThe moment that a consensual relationship has been established between doctor and patient there are critical legal, ethical and professional duties that are required on the part of the professional and expected on the part of the patient (Purtilo, Haddad and Doherty, 2014). A working relationship is enacted when a patient knowingly seeks out a health provider in order to address issues, and is cemented when the provider accepts the patient. After this point the physician and patient role becomes increasingly complex as issues must be continually assessed (Baylis, 2010). The role of patient rights and a physician or administrator duties are subject to change depending on the culture, region or nation that the person resides in (Baylis, 2010). With a distinct view to societal influence the legal and cultural definition of rights and responsibilities will vary. Others contend that a patient’s rights should be universal regardless of the place of resi dence or status (Corey, Corey and Callahan, 2014). A standardization of policy would reduce many issues that often plaque both patients and management (Corey et al, 2014). A demonstration of the effort to amend the build progress rests in the Declaration of Helsinki that served to lay out a set of ethical guidelines that have come to be highly regarded as a form of basic infrastructure (Purtilo et al, 2014). In an effort to address many of the legal, professional and ethical issues that surround the care of patients nations such as the United States have enacted a patient’s bill of rights with the express purpose of protecting and clarifying the role and duties of the health care system (Purtilo et al , 2014). These protections and guarantees create a form of reassurance that many find necessary in order to depend on the modern medical system. Hafferty and Franks (1994) conversely argue that a standardization of legal and professional behaviours will limit the capacity of the staff to respond to the patient’s needs. This argument further illustrates with the increase attention to teaching and adherence to an ethical standard much ability to move forward and progress in the practical world is lost (Hafferty et al 1994). However, the increase in ethical teaching over the course of the past decade has illustrated a benefit to making ethically and morally based business patient decisions (Kraus, Stricker and Speyer, 2011). With sensitive issues commonly addressed in a as regards the patients, an understanding and compassionate assessment and care pattern enhances the entire experience. Common elements of a patient’s rights platform will include a right to make independent medical decisions fully informed by responsible authority (Kraus et al, 2011). A patient form consent is a highly sought after protection this area (Kraus et al, 2011). With a clear need to provide a balanced opportunity for treatment, yet allow the provider latitude to accomplish what is necessary there is a delicate adjustment that must be maintained. There is a clear and abiding need to include patient autonomy in any form of care (Kraus et al, 2011). Many in the health care industry have opposed a formalized standard for patient care as an unnecessary burden that would only increase the paperwork and fundamental cost (Stirrat, Johnston, Gillon and Boyd, 2009). In the industry itself, the providers often cite the element of private competition as adequate to continually spur on high standards of patient care. The opposite argument states that patient care has been seen to be lax in envir onments that do not have adequate oversight to ensure compliance (Ellershaw and Wilkinson, 2003). Occasionally a patient’s care has been diminished by the lax form of care instituted by the institution (Ellershaw et al, 2003). Others point to the continued high standards that are a model of the high end private market as an example of what a positive free market patient care policy should embody (Stirrat et al, 2009). However most utilize the deontological tool to assess and evaluate the benefits of any one care process (Stirrat et al, 2009). Much like the Morally, the ethical position of a professional caregiver dictates a well-rounded and considered implementation of care that provides a solution to the patient’s on-going issues (Nettina, 2013). The position of non-maleficence, or, ‘first do no harm’, illustrates the proper role of the provider (Nettina, 2013). Further, this form of care creates a perception of beneficence that provides much of the moral standing for care providers (Nettina, 2013). A legal obligation may prevent the caregiver from doing what may be an ethically right act (Ellershaw et al, 2003). This combination of considerations comprises the full range of professional liability that patients are linked to. 2.2 Ethical Issues An ethical issue that ranks high at every level of care is the capacity for the patient to remain safe while receiving care (Leape, 2005). There is an ethical necessity for the caregiver to do all that is necessary to prevent injury to their patients (Leape, 2005). This broa d umbrella of safety expectations has led to an over expectation of comfort and quality of care, which in turn diminishes the perception of care (Hafferty et al, 1994). If in the process of ensuring patients safety something goes wrong, it becomes the ethical responsibility of care giver to identify new method to respond to similar cases (Leape, 2005). Others illustrate the high cost that can quickly be generated from investing resources haphazardly in an attempt to anticipate each and ethical issue (Ellershaw et al, 2003). All care providers have an ethical responsibility to take responsibility for mistakes made that impact their patients in any manner (Leape, 2005). The all too common effort to avoid or shift blame away, in order to preserve other clients must not be a consideration during the implementation of ethical patient’s considerations. The full scope of an issue may not be apparent immediately, dictating a delay in admitting fault (Stirrat et al, 2013). This argument is clearly illustrated in the complex issues surrounding ethical considerations in the field of mental health care for patients (Kraus et al, 2011). Ethically, mentally ill patients should be given the exact same rights and comforts that any other patient would receive (Kraus et al, 2011). Influences that include safety and behavior often have impact on the manner in which care is given (Stirrat et al, 2013). In some situations the question of care comes down to the decision of the provider and their unique approach to the illness. A common ethical dilemma that can lead to other professional and legal issues rests in the question of when to medicate and when to refrain from medication (Nettina, 2013). With a patient’s rights indicating that the best possible method be utilized, is this to be found in the reduction of pain or the allowance of pain in order to treat the larger issueThe ethical and moral questions must be continually addressed by both the patient and the provider in order to arrive at the best fundamental answer (Corey et al, 2014). The converse argument states that the professional knows best and should the person making the crucial decisions (Hafferty et al, 1994).2.3 Legal IssuesThere are a wide range of legal issues that make providing care for a patient a complex experience (Nettina, 2013). A patient must consider each element of their care in order to ensure that the appropriate services have been rendered. Nettina (2013) identifies the primary sources of legal risk in the nurse’s profession as patient care, procedures performed and the associated quality of documentation. This implies that at any one point a mistake in care may be interpreted as a legal lapse making the provider liable (Nettina, 2013). In order to minimize the exposure to legal and financial process, instruments including risk management systems and the implementation of devices designed to anticipate and reduce the risk of injury for patients (Nettina, 2013). The converse position argue that the financial expense of keeping up with the latest developments in science has a direct adverse impact on the mann er in which a small provider can find it difficult to sustain operations (Corey, 2014). In many nations including the United States and the United Kingdom, the fact that it is illegal to discriminate against a patient based on gender, nationality, religion or any reason allows for every person to find adequate care (Richardson and Storr, 2010). Others advocate for the application of health care after an assessment of insurance and payment abilities (Ellerwshaw et al, 2010). Potentially, those lacking an adequate source of funding for health care have received only marginal consideration, which in turn can quickly become not only an ethical and professional detriment but a legal issue that can diminish overall operations (Richardson et al, 2010). Yet, the provider can cite the case as bringing beyond their capacity and turn a patient away, thereby citing a legal reason to turn away patients (White and O’sullivan, 2012). Once treatment has commenced it is legally required to obtain consent of the patient prior to the performance of any treatment that may substantially impact the patient (Bayliss, 2012). This legal right ensures that a patient is informed before possible life altering decisions are made. In some cases a layman patient will not adequately understand the full issue at hand, and therefore the professional associated with the concern should make the call (Kraus et al, 2013). This position of decision making capacity again touches on the elements that are directly related to the ethical and professional policies and positions of the institution that is providing the patient with care. Further, once care has begun, the patient is assured of continuity of care as well as confidentially (Bayliss, 2012). This legal underpinning ensures that an incapacitated patient will not have to make critical decisions immediately or during the procedure. A primary method of protection for patients and overall control for care providers rests in the legal institution of mal practice (Jonsen, Siegler and Winslade, 2006). Others argue that the institution of mal practice ties the hands of care providers by putting too many hurdles in way of effective care (Hafferty et al, 1994). Still others advocate for a mitigated form of malpractice that addresses the needs of the patient without threatening the entire structure of the provider’s livelihood (Corey et al, 2014). In cases that a providers services can be proven to be less than what was expected by the patient or the institution, there is the opportunity for financial redress. In order to mal practice to be claimed, there must be an existing patient and provider relationship acknowledged on all sides (Jonsen et al, 2006). A patient is legally entitled to a referral to a better provider if the first practitioner is unable to meet their needs (Bayliss, 2013). This area touches on the ethical responsibly of the provider to assist the patient in any reasonable manner (Corey, 2014). Others cite the potential for litigation if the referral goes wrong and there are problems for the patient (Hafferty et al, 1994). A continued source of worry for the medical profession is the looming threat of court action over a mistake or oversight on their part (Bayliss, 2013).2.4 Professional IssuesThe entirety of the expected behaviour of any patient related institution is required to exhibit professional and exemplary behaviour (Corey et al, 2014). This expectation is tempered by region, financial issues and the available of competent staff (Urden, Lough, Stacy and Thelan, 2006). Many contend that care for the patient should come before financial or regulatory concerns (Bayliss, 2012). Regional and national political reg ulations play a large part in the establishment of professional standards as regards the treatment of patients in several areas around the world (Corey et al, 2014). A Professional perception is made up of the ethical and legal considerations that are relevant to the position, again providing a firm indication of the integrated nature of the legal, ethical and professional aspect of patient care (Bayliss, 2012). The professional will not neglect the rights of the patient in the pursuit of their goals (Corey et al, 2014). This facet reflects the need for the professional to terminate the relationship at the correct time, for the proper reason. In many cases, some professionals will make a billing cycle longer for the simple reason of increased revenue with little effort (Corey et al, 2014). Others describe this approach as overly cautious and cite the need to be certain of the outcome for the patient before any change of status should be implemented (Bayliss, 2012). This same sense of professionalism is extended to the form of treatment that a patient has the right to expect, with the best choice, not the latest trend being the choice (Stirrat et al, 2013). The patient must be given every component of information in order to provide an informed consent. Anything less than full transparency on the part of the provider is an ethical, legal and professional blunder (Corey et al, 2014). 3 Conclusion This essay examines the role of the legal, ethical and professional actions as regards the expectations of the patient. With the evidence presented in this review, there is argument for many issues that touch on all three aspects. Lacking a universal patient’s bill of rights, the issues experienced by patients seeking assistance can vary widely according to region and financial ability. The data presented in the this essay indicates that while the ideal system advocates for a fair and equal patient experience, it is often those that have the financial support that have the best care. The evidence presented here provided support for the contention that ethical decisions will benefit the professional and legal standing of the patient provider. By ensuring a high standard of care, the provider is doing everything possible ethically and morally to address the concern. This effort diminishes the potential legal ramifications that centre on the mal practice and court process. The areas of ethics, professionalism and legality correspond to create a complex environment for a patient to navigate. This makes it necessary to ensure a high standard of professionalism within the ranks of the patient provider network. There must be a balance as there cannot be an effort to placate the patient that becomes adverse to the overall treatment. Much like any other industry there is a balance that must be maintained in the relationship between provider and patient in order for the best results to be experienced. The modern world has provided patients with new and diverse opportunities for care in nearly every nation around the world. With the areas of professionalism, legality and ethics playing a building role in the way services are provided, there must be a continual and considered approach to each policy in order to ensure the rights of everypatient. In the end it will be the combination of all three aspects that create the opportunity for progress. References Baylis, F. 2010. Health care ethics in Canada. Australia: Thomson Nelson. Corey, G. 2014. Issues and ethics in the helping professions. [S.l.]: Cengage Learning. Edwards, S. J., Braunholtz, D. A., Lilford, R. J. and Stevens, A. J. 1999. Ethical issues in the design and conduct of cluster randomised controlled trials. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 318 (7195), p. 1407. Ellershaw, J. and Wilkinson, S. 2003. Care of the dying. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Frost, D. W., Cook, D. J., Heyl and Fowler, R. A. 2011. Patient and healthcare professional factors influencing end-of-life decision-making during critical illness: A systematic review*.Critical care medicine, 39 (5), pp. 1174–1189. Hafferty, F. W. and Franks, R. 1994. The hidden curriculum, ethics teaching, and the structure of medical education. Academic Medicine, 69 (11), pp. 861–71. Jonsen, A. R., Siegler, M. and Winslade, W. J. 2006. Clinical ethics. New York: McGraw Hill, Medical Pub. Division. Kraus, R., Stricke r, G. and Speyer, C. 2011. Online counseling. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. Nettina, S. M. 2013. Lippincott manual of nursing practice. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Purtilo, R. B., Haddad, A. M. and Doherty, R. F. 2014. Health professional and patient interaction. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Saunders. Richardson, A. and Storr, J. 2010. Patient safety: a literative review on the impact of nursing empowerment, leadership and collaboration. International nursing review, 57 (1), pp. 12–21. Solomon, M. Z., O’donnell, L., Jennings, B., Guilfoy, V., Wolf, S. M., Nolan, K., Jackson, R., Koch-Weser, D. and Donnelley, S. 1993. Decisions near the end of life: professional views on life-sustaining treatments. American Journal of Public Health, 83 (1), pp. 14–23. Stirrat, G., Johnston, C., Gillon, R. and Boyd, K. 2010. Medical ethics and law for doctors of tomorrow: the 1998 Consensus Statement updated. Journal of Medical Ethics, 36 ( 1), pp. 55–60. Str, Cipolle, R. J., Morley, P. C. and Frakes, M. J. 2004. The impact of pharmaceutical care practice on the practitioner and the patient in the ambulatory practice setting: twenty-five years of experience. Current pharmaceutical design, 10 (31), pp. 3987–4001. Urden, L. D., Lough, M. E., Stacy, K. M. and Thelan, L. A. 2006. Thelan’s critical care nursing. St. Louis: Mosby. White, K. M. and O’sullivan, A. 2012. The essential guide to nursing practice. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association.

Municipal Solid Waste Management In China Environmental Sciences Essay

The universe is now enduring from an exigency crisis of municipal solid waste ( MSW ) . The entire sum of planetary MSW is lifting aggressively, particularly in some development states, such as China. The one-year sum of MSW production in China increased from 0.0313 billion dozenss to 0.14 billion dozenss during an 18 old ages period from 1980 to 1998 ( Suocheng, 2001, P7-11 ) . And the accrued volume of MSW in China experienced a rapid addition during a 5 old ages period from about 6 billion dozenss in 1998 to more than 6.5 billion dozenss in 2002 ( Zhiqiang, 2006, P1193-1197 ) . With the economic system go oning to turn aggressively, it is clear that MSW direction may be one of the heaviest loads for the China authorities. As a consequence, taking a suited method for MSW intervention in China is going much more necessary and exigency.MSW direction system in ChinaIn the early People Republic of China, under the background of the planned economic system system, MSW direction was defi ned as a public service by the authorities ( Suocheng, 2001, P7-11 ) , which made MSW direction isolated from the market. As a consequence, used an inordinate public financess for disposing MSW became one of the factors leaded to financial shortage. By the terminal of 1970s, the Chinese authorities put frontward the reform and opening-up policy. Profit from this policy, although the market mechanisms were still uncomplete, it began to play an progressively decisive function in MSW direction in China. After about 50 old ages of development, there were three chief methods used to dispose the MSW: Incineration, Landfill and composted. By the terminal of 2000, more than 70 % of MSW was managed by landfill ( largely by simple landfill ) and about 20 % by composted, merely less than 10 % was disposed by incineration ( Zhiqiang, 2006, P1193-1197 ) . During the past decennary, the authorities began to pay much more attending in incineration, which changed the per centum of the composing of MSW direction system. However, it did non intend that a most suited system had already formed, due to this ground, an analysis about dispose methods should still be taken.Waste Landfill SystemLandfill engineering is utilizing a landfill site for MSW disposal by compression and entombment. Through the decomposition of anaerobiotic bug, organic affairs will be converted into inorganic substances and will finally be absorbed by the dirt. Landfill engineering has been the most often used method in MSW dire ction, particularly in China. Landfill is the cheapest MSW disposal option, the costs of waste transit is being reduced because of the short distance from urban country to landfill site. It means that, local wastes can be disposed in situ alternatively of transported to another country. Another advantage of landfill is the comprehensive ability in MSW intervention. Compare with other waste disposal methods, landfill engineering can dispose many different types of wastes which have non been classified. Furthermore, vast of methane, which was discharged from the landfill site, can be collected by a gas assemblage system and used as a cleaner-burning fuel. However, as have mentioned above, most of the MSW in China was disposed by simple landfill, which have already caused many jobs. One of the most common influences is surface H2O pollution ; rivers may be polluted because of toxins seep. For illustration, the prostration of the Xiaping landfill in Shenzhen metropolis, China, finally caused a terrible pollution in Shenzhen River, which made 1/3 of the imbibing H2O supplies disrupted for over a hebdomad and it besides posed a serious menace to the natural environment. Furthermore, in instance of improper operation, methane may leak from the gas assemblage system, which may do air pollution, and doubtless, will lend to planetary heating. In add-on, landfill may besides influent the local dirt. Owing to a slow decomposition rate of the anaerobiotic bug, one time a site has been filled, the high concentration of contaminations in it will be at least 200 old ages. Therefore, a land which has of all time been used as a landfill site can non be redeveloped in a short period.Waste Incineration Systemâ€Å" Incineration is a waste intervention procedure that involves the burning of organic substances contained in waste stuffs ( The Wikipedia, 2010 ) † . Waste stuffs will be converted into ash, fluke gas, and heat thought the waste incineration system. MSW incineration engineering was foremost used at the terminal of 1980 ‘s and experienced a dramatic advancement in 1990 ‘s ( Xiaodong, 2002 ) . Compare with landfill engineering, waste incineration merely necessitate a lower limit of land and the sum of waste can be reduced to about 10 % of the initial value. Besides, ashes from the incinerator can be used as building stuffs and these stuffs could be much cheaper than traditional stuffs. Furthermore, the modern incineration system could bring forth electricity and collect heat energy while MSW is firing, which were considered as green energy. Although incineration systems can do many benefits, without uncertainties, there still much disadvantages of utilizing incinerator for MSW disposing and it could even present a much more serious menace to the environment. In order to forestall environmental jobs, particularly air pollution, the operation of incineration system must establish on high engineerings ; it means that, a high cost should be wage for MSW intervention. Furthermore, as the Torahs is updating, more advanced equipments possibly required in the hereafter and it may besides be vast of money. Undoubtedly, all of these costs will be shifted on to consumers. Furthermore, even though all incineration systems are utilizing the most advanced engineering, taints may still be discharged. These sorts of taints could be much more unsafe than that produced during landfill procedure, because some high carcinogenicity affairs like dioxin will be discharged to the atmospheric environment during burning. As a consequence, more a nd more people realize that incineration system is harmful for wellness. For illustration, although the authorities promises that it would non be any unsafe, people in Guangzhou City, China are still contending to avoid an incineration to be built in their metropolis.Waste Composting Systemâ€Å" Compost is composed of organic stuffs derived from works and carnal affair that has been decomposed mostly through aerophilic decomposition ( The Wikipedia, 2010 ) † . The development of MSW composting in China can be divided into three stages ( Yuan, 2000 ) : The primary phase was from 1950s-1960s. In this phase, people began to analyze the operation mechanism of composting. As a consequence, composting became a new engineering for MSW direction. The development phase was from 1970s-1980s. Composting experienced a comfortable period in this phase, for illustration, the China authorities chosen 11 types of composting engineerings as distributing engineerings ( Nei, 1992 ) . The distributing application phase was from 1990s boulder clay presents. The authorities found that composting was a most eco-friendly method in MSW direction, so big sums of money were put into the publicity of composting. Composting is a about harmless MSW disposing engineering. Compare with landfill and incineration, composting could be carried out in a simple manner, it is suited for little metropoliss, particularly some agricultural countries. Furthermore, wastes will go agricultural fertiliser after a composting procedure, which can organize a good material circulation system. However, limited by treating efficiency, composting site could merely be built in a smaller graduated table. Furthermore, merely some simple affair such as refuse or animate being and works remains can be disposed by composting. Due to this fact, a successful composting system is base on a well waste categorization system. On the other manus, because of the difference in microbic vegetations, each composting system has a particular operating environment. Temperature, aeration, composing of waste can all go factors which may impact composting.Choosing a suited method for MSWAs the sum of MSW in China is still lifting aggressively, the contemporary MSW direction system will no longer be utile to work out the job efficaciously. For this ground, to set up a new MSW disposing system is necessary. First of wholly, as consequences of many environmental jobs were caused by landfill, landfill system should be discontinued bit by bit. Although incineration system may do some serious environmen tal jobs, compared with landfill engineering, it can still be an effectual manner in MSW disposing. On the other manus, composting engineerings should be promoted smartly. However, the constitution of incineration and composting system is under the conditions of good waste categorization. In order to accomplish this end, on the one manus, the authorities should increased promotion and instruction attempts on waste categorization. On the other manus, public installations such as classificatory rubbish bins should be heightening significantly. Furthermore, In order to set up a long-run mechanism, the bonus-penalty mechanism and the market economic system mechanism should be introduced into MSW direction system. By this manner, MSW direction system will associate up with the market economic system, which will do the MSW direction system much more comprehensive.DecisionAs a fact that the volume of municipal solid waste in China is increasing aggressively, the presents waste direction sy stem may neglect to run into the processing demands. Landfill engineering, which is busying a dominant place in MSW dispose, should non be promoted any longer because of the monolithic land business and the high-risk in bring forthing environmental pollution jobs. On the other manus, Incineration and composting engineering, which are the freshly development and eco-friendly engineerings, should go major picks. However, merely trusting on the development of new engineerings are non plenty, the alteration of people ‘s attitudes towards waste intervention is the cardinal manner to work out the MSW direction job. To accomplish this intent, the constitution of a market direction mechanism, which can do the MSW direction control by the regulations of market economic system, become a major premiss. To reason, utilizing Incineration and composting engineering as the chief processing system and landfill as an aide is the most suited manner to work out the job of MSW.

How can an eco-house change people behaviour in the culture of Saudi Research Proposal

How can an eco-house change people behaviour in the culture of Saudi Arabia - Research Proposal Example This policy has been intended towards securing ample housing for various segments of the citizens within the country. However, the issues of global warming, renewable energy utilisation and efficient use of the natural resources for building houses are also required to be considered for efficient â€Å"sustainable housing implementation† within Saudi Arabia. There has to be initiative from the government for formulation of policy towards provision of sustainable housing at affordable prices. Any policy in this direction should have to be inclined towards fulfilment of mainly three objectives. Firstly, the policies should generate housing enhancement; secondly, they should empower the poor and finally the policies should be able to provide a feeling of self-privilege to the weaker sections of the people. Provision of sustainable housing has to be therefore concerned with the formation of ecosystem of houses (Choguill, 2007). An appropriate solution to the present problem in the country with respect to economic as well as environmental perspective is the foundation of an architecture model of eco house for the country. The successful implementation of sustainable housing in Saudi Arabia is essential to be supported by the government and to be backed up by the public awareness. The aim of the paper is to derive the best course of investment towards this aspect of the economy that not only finds an eco-house model but also contributes towards the economic aspect of housing policies through the royal order. The aim will be fulfilled with the help of achieving the objective of this research. The objective is to conduct research and identify every possible ways of designing an eco-friendly house that suits within the environment of Saudi Arabia. The methods of building sustainable houses are inclusive of making the best and comprehensive utilisation of the solar power, design of the site of house building, ventilation and natural light. For fulfilling the objec tive of this research, the methods will be analysed and presented for the creation of an eco-friendly house compatible with the Saudi Arabian environmental conditions such as that of availability of natural resources (Susilawati & A-Surf, 2011). The architecture model of an eco-house has been selected as the best option to the Saudi Arabian housing issue because it is an eco friendly house which provides the basis of leading a sustainable life to the people. The architecture model will be developed on the basis of availability and effectiveness of the natural resources within the country (Fields, 2011). With the designing of the most appropriate architecture model of an eco-friendly house for Saudi Arabia, the problem of both the economy as well as the environment can be encountered. The various methods of utilising the natural resources along with their effectiveness will provide the basis of architecture model of an eco-friendly house in Saudi Arabia. Architecture Model of Eco-Hou se for Saudi Arabia The following are the eco-friendly aspects to be incorporated within the houses to be build throughout the Kingdom: Water Storage facilities of rainwater, whenever it occurs should be incorporated in the sustainable houses. As there is scarcity of rain in Saudi Arabia, wells can be dig for gathering natural water from quite underground level which can be further utilised for using in laundry, cleaning and toilet. Various

The Great Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

The Great Depression - Essay Example When, on that Black Monday, the stock market did actually crash, and when bankruptcies and layoffs followed on its heels, the country was unprepared-due to ideology as well as limited governmental infrastructure-to deal with the economic repercussions. All signs pointed to a booming American economy in the 1920s. Between the years of 1925 and 1929, the number of factories, shops, and other establishments of production rose from 183,900 to 206,700, better than a ten percent increase; the value of the products coming out of those establishments rose similarly, from $60.8 billion to $68 billion (Galbraith, 2). In addition, the number of new cars rolling off the assembly line rose from 4,301,000 in 1926 to 5,358,000 in 1929 (Galbraith, 2). The power of the American dollar was such that it was in constant circulation; Americans were making money at a faster rate than ever, and they were spending it at a faster rate as well. In addition to the unprecedented growth in the production factor, the question for many middle-class Americans came to be what they should do with their newfound surplus. The Twenties provided no shortage of opportunities in this regard. ... Higher incomes and better transportation were making it increasingly accessible to the frost-bound North. The time indeed was coming when the annual flight to the South would be as regular and impressive as the migration of the Canada Goose" (Galbraith, 3). Indeed the potential for making money was so great in Florida that speculation ran rampant; properties, often swamp land and nowhere near the ocean, could be purchased for a mere 10% down payment, and by 1925, empty lots were trading for many thousands of dollars, based exclusively on the assumption that they would some day be worth a great deal to developers (Galbraith, 4-5). The stock market was another popular investment opportunity. The New York Times securities index averaged, at the time, the prices of twenty-five "good, sound stocks with regular price changes and generally active markets," usually industrials (Galbraith, 7). The average price for those stocks rose steadily and dramatically throughout the Twenties, from $106 in May of 1924 to $245 at the end of 1927, and they continued rising (Galbraith, 7-9). The culmination of these factors lulled Americans into a sense of false security. Somehow, it seems, the prevailing opinion was that success and prosperity would continue; it was seen as the ultimate fulfillment of the American dream. Only the markets could not support the growth; investment and speculation had overvalued stocks, commodities, and real estate. Production would wane, layoffs would occur, and America, precisely because of its blind adherence to this dogma of optimism, would find itself stricken and unprepared to deal with the cons equences. In the aftermath of the stock market crash, it became apparent quite quickly that the country was not ready for an economic

Nursing Eduaction Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing Eduaction - Literature review Example Nursing programs have been implemented in various countries to adhere to set codes with the standards set in the organized system. In the planning of the lectures, there needs to be the careful planning of the available resources within these institutions to ensure best practice delivered to support the course. Without the paramount provisions, there may be reduced understanding of the course. Like the other professional courses, nursing has been regarded as a leading profession in the medicine industry because they offer the cushion needed to patients, and to the doctors whose services are immense within the hospitals. Nurses have been assigned particular roles in the treatment industry because of their involvement in ensuring security and sustenance of the patient. The delicate group has offered challenges in best practice and there needs to be the careful selection of strategies in implementing their curriculum. With the complex course increasing within the society, evidence has b een placed that, with the best teaching methods, successful nurses have been created. Best way to teach nursing lectures Before enrollment within a university that offers nursing course and lessons, the individual must be capable of handling designated duties to depict responsibility. The nurse bears the role of careful selection of methods that favor adequate conditions towards recovery. Nurses have been mandatory in the medical profession because they dedicate their effort to offering the needed base for easier performance within the institutions. The best nurses are those that have undergone through the needed learning and practice procedure to present measures that contribute to adequate service delivery. Before the individual is considered a qualified nurse, they must be accorded with the right documentation to prove their qualification to the profession. The licensure is gained after completing educational qualifications that are presented in accredited learning institutions. These guidelines have been the affirmative measures included in the state to stop under qualified individuals from offering the services. To achieve the license, there needs to be the development of best measures that promise to increase efficiency within institutions to ensure delivery of best nurses in the industry (Smith & Fitzpatrick 2006, p58). To qualify for the nursing profession, the requirements are varied for the existing nurses. Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVN) are required to complete an issued qualification in the formal education program with a suitable training program. The provision included to becoming advanced nurses has been included in holding the masters degree qualification. The organizations that offer the nursing profession in technical schools, community colleges and accredited institutions need to offer practical lessons in clinics and hospitals. This is mandatory to familiarize the candidate with the environment that they would work in after graduation. Ho wever, to present the desired experience, the students need to be motivated in a busy environment with tough situations. These may be through allocation to public hospitals as compared to private hospitals that hold the best facilities. The lesson in public hospitals may be added as compared to private with a few staff members to share the needed incentive. The assessment on the practical environment

Time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Time - Essay Example There is truth in what other people say that there seems to be a lump inside one’s chest which is heavy and burdensome and one slowly awaits for this heavy load to be lifted. If this moment would be expressed visually in artwork, one could foresee an interplay of artistic elements that would effectively capture one’s situation to include effective use of colors, shadows, hues, as well as creative style that utilizes applications of space and distance. For instance, since the environment or background is oblivious to the subject, there would be predominance in hues of grey or dark and matte colors. At the focal point would be the subject being interpreted in a challenging and trying scenario, seen visually in contoured image or through clear facial expression of exemplifying worry, anxiety, depression, loneliness and fear. At the same token, the visual design could include an element of hope in a far distant corner, which therefore needs effective use of distance and space, through shading and including a bright yellow or gold color to depict seeing resolution to the problem somewhere in the near

Management (how to be an efficient leader) Essay

Management (how to be an efficient leader) - Essay Example For instance, planning needs the conceptual skill of a manager as it involves abstraction such as setting a strategic direction for the company. Leading, controlling, and organizing is made easier by all the skills as employees usually look up to managers who are good geared with the technical skills, concern for people, and ability to analyze and solve problems. Human skill is imperative in staffing as managers will need to communicate and devise motivational techniques in order to become efficient. In addition, the ten managerial roles outlined by Mintzberg can only be accomplished when the manager is equipped with the three management skills. Interpersonal roles such as being a leader, liaison, and figurehead are roles where human skills can are necessary as these include interacting and communicating with the workforce. Informational roles (monitor, disseminator, spokesperson) also require human skills while decisional roles (entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator) are attained through the employment of conceptual, human, and technical skills. The major theories of management can be grouped into four major classifications namely classical, human, systems, and collaborative approaches.

Case Management Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Management Strategies - Essay Example Qualification in case management is the provision that requires case managers and support staff to have the necessary expertise to handle cases. Caseload size involves the magnitude of cases that requires handling at the same time by the manager and the support staff. Support staff is other staff members such as nurses, social workers who assist the manager in handling patient cases. Training and education in case management is offered to the staff members to equip them with skills and knowledge required to handle client cases. Finally, supervision entails following up on the patient to ensure that they are doing what is prescribed by the intervention program. 2. Intake is the initial step in case management. In this part, I would only ask the client their name, the problems they have and who referred them among other basic questions. In the assessment part, I would evaluate the client’s condition by exploring the historical background to his/her problem and knowing all the dimensions of the problem. Next will be explaining to the client the services I provide and discuss the contract including issues of informed consent. The next step would be goal setting where in collaboration with the patient, we would set attainable and appropriate goals. This would be followed up by the intervention planning, which is the actual action of implementing helpful strategies (Cameron & Turtle-Song, 2002). In case the case I am handling requires a referral, I will refer the patient to helpful social networks and agencies for assistance. Then, I will continuously monitor the progress of the client to ensure that all the goals are met. In re-assessme nt, it would be about evaluating whether the goals of the strategy have been met. Finally, the outcome evaluation would involve meeting the outcomes against the goals set at the beginning of

Case Study on Psalm 121 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study on Psalm 121 - Term Paper Example These psalms could also have been written during the days of Hezekiah when the Assyrians were threatening the security of Judea and Jerusalem3. The Psalms of Ascent are called the hymns of the stairs because they were said to have been sung while the pilgrim was going up and down the stairs of the Temple of Jerusalem4. The reason for this is that either the One of these psalms is Psalm 121, or â€Å"a song of ascents†6 which contains metaphors describing Divine intervention at the time of threats in our lives. During the post-exilic period, a new identity of Judaism was emerging and brewing at the Temple in Jerusalem. In Psalm 121, the first-person narrator is the ancient pilgrim who has experienced various human problems and who is now on his way to Jerusalem7. This pilgrim longs for Jerusalem itself8. Psalm 121 employs particular poetic devices that further reveal the message of assurance of God’s protection. The use of the statements, â€Å"He will not let your foot slip,†9 and â€Å"he who watches over Israel will neither slumber nor sleep†10 are metaphors that reveal the assurance of God. The first one – â€Å"He will not let your foot slip† – is about God not allowing a human being to put himself in danger. Oftentimes, people do things that put them in trouble and sometimes tend to make choices that would eventually harm them. However, God assures, through Psalm 121, that He will not allow this to happen. This also implies that although God has granted man free will, it does not mean that He would allow man to make choices that will put him in danger. Moreover, the line â€Å"he who watches over Israel will neither slumber. Moreover, the line which says â€Å"he who watches over Israel will neither slumber not sleep† – implies that God sees everything and that He does not blink at all so that He would some small detail escape His sight and scrutiny, and He does this to assure the pilgrim that he is always watched over, guarded and

Modern Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Modern Education - Essay Example Such reservations against the concept of personal autonomy is rooted in the thought that the idea of personal autonomy is laced by the threats of masculinist implications (Friedman, Autonomy, gender, politics, 2003), thus making them feel uncomfortable with such a notion. Over the years and especially in the past decade, those who felt such apprehensions had to face the overwhelming circumstances that place a needed sense of value to the concept of personal autonomy in terms of its critical and constructive aspects (Benson, 2005). With this, feminists have come to adhere to the concept of personal autonomy although particular aspects of the idea have to be qualified to suit the â€Å"tastes† of different groups. While the acceptance of the notion of personal autonomy may remain debatable for certain groups, there is no doubt that the feminist movement, together with much of the members of modern civilization, considers education as among the greatest endowment for women in soc iety that provides them with a sense of equality with men. Along these lines, this paper will provide a discussion based on personal autonomy being a goal of education. Specifically, this discussion will be centered on a feminist view, emphasizing education in terms of a liberalist context. First, the concept of personal autonomy will be discussed, briefly outlining its history and highlighting the views of different theorists and, in particular, of contemporary liberals on the concept. The paper shall then proceed to discussing the concept of autonomy rooted on feminist views. Finally, the paper shall highlight how personal autonomy may be advanced by education, using a feminist context. 2.0 The Concept of Personal Autonomy â€Å"A person is autonomous to the degree, and it is very much a matter of degree, that what he thinks and does, at least in important areas of his life, are determined by himself.† Dearden, Autonomy and education, 1975, p. 343. The concept of personal a utonomy traces its roots to the ancient Greek philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. Both men proposed that the rational part of the soul is its most important part and the ideal for humanity is associated with self-sufficiency and being non-dependent on other people (Backus, 2003). Kant later developed the idea of moral autonomy as having authority over one’s actions and soon thereafter, the idea of autonomy in learning has become a part of a wide range of educational philosophies and has been identified recently in educational policy to be crucial to the development of learning (Honderich, 2005). Autonomy simply resided on morals in its early years, but then views about this began to change in the 21st century. For Dworkin ( 1988 ), the concept of autonomy includes one’s overall point of view towards how one lives one’s life. He points out that each individual, whether the most learned or the most carefree, conforms to his or her own personal view of what makes li fe valuable (Dworkin, 1988). Thus, Dworkin is actually saying that each person reveals how he or she conceives goodness or the good life through his or her behavior. For Raz (1988), the concept of personal autonomy is much more specific as he emphasizes that the individual is responsible for whatever happens to his or her life. As such, an individual with personal autonomy is identified not only by his actual choices in life but by the presence of choices themselves (Raz, 1988). Therefore, an individual can really just be

Meaning to Human Life Essay Example for Free

Meaning to Human Life Essay Is there any meaning to human life? After listening to the first two lectures I gathered what I felt to be Professor Amrbosio’s definitions of the hero and the saint. I took notes and after going back through and reading them it helped me to put a few things together. He asks the question about whether or not human existence is meaningful or absurd. We live in a hostile and deadly environment so we try to find our purpose and meaning so we have some sense of security. It is a defense mechanism. Why is there so much evil in this world? We have the good and the bad. The good being our loving parents and the soldiers who put their lives at risk to defend our freedom and our lives. But then you have the bad and the evil such as the homeless people and the terrorist attacks and the holocaust. It is unfair how there are so many people with nothing and living on the streets when there are just as many people who have much more then they need to survive. The hero and the saint represent traits that can and will be inherited and passed on across different cultures and over time. The hero and the saint are metaphors that humans have used to search for the meaning of life. With the hero, reality is formed and driven by the struggle of humans. They believe in honor and self-esteem along with self-fulfillment and admiration. They always run up against bad things and they believe the good guys will come in last. The Saint believes that reality is made up of our personal and loving relationships. These relationships are based around unconditional trust. They feel like humans really have no goal but they have a purpose. Love and gratitude define them. Some people say life is a wrong turn and it’s down a dead end street. Saints and heroes show us ways we can share and participate in living every day and still asking our questions about life. The best we can do is to live the most meaningful life. Make every day count and always tell the ones you love how much you love them because you never know when it could be the last time that you are able to tell them. Sometimes you just have to trust that our life has a purpose.

Public School And Home School Education System: Malaysia

Public School And Home School Education System: Malaysia Education is important without any doubt. Education system in Malaysia can be separate into normal public school and home school system. In 1957, the Razak Report indicated that Malay language is the main medium of instruction . (Kusuma et al. 2001, pg 6) The English and Chinese school which accepted the government offer will become normal public school. (Kusuma et al. 2001, pg 5)In nineteenth century, there were only average families have the chance to home school. (A short history of home education ,2005)The term of public school is they do not need to pay for the tuition fee. (Definition of a school-content, 2010) Educate children instead of school is the definition of home school.(Ross, M 2008)The syllabus used in normal public school is KBRSM ,while the syllabus used in home school is IGSE O-level and A-level.(Kusuma et al. 2001,pg 17; Tan,BC 2011)Nowadays, home schooling become more well known ,the debate about home school better or normal school better is being discussed vigor ously .Different education system may produced different characteristic of students. Therefore, the aim of this investigation is to evaluate the normal public school system and home school system. Normal public school is producing better students than home school The advantages of normal public school One of the main advantages of normal public is the student is able to live in community. Public school provide large amount of opportunity to students, from a great deal of group project to team sports. (Advantages of Public schools, n.d.) According to the majority of survey respondents, public school students are typically capable to live in community. There are ninety two percent of respondent indicated that students in normal public school are able to live in community, as shown in figure 1. (Personal survey 2011) Figure 1 Other advantages are normal public school students gain a diverse social education. (Kusuma et al. 2001,pg 38) Normal public school provide variety of students that comes from different socioeconomic classes and background. Normal public school students has the chances to meet it and solving different point of view and understand people with various backgrounds and values. (Education Bug n.d.) In addition, there are wider extracurricular provided by the normal public school. Normal public school frequently offer a series of sports to a range of clubs and other opportunity. Normal public school mostly have the facilities such as swimming pool or purchase equipment ,such as laboratory equipment. Therefore, more curriculum are available in normal public school. (Education Bug n.d.) Moreover, student in normal public school is guarantee to have a teacher with teaching certificate. Public schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s teacher is required to have a bachelorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s degree and must pass in the Malaysian qualifications agencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exam (MQA). (Kusuma et al. 2001,pg 67) The disadvantages of home school The drawback of home school is the additional financial burden. The textbooks are usually expensive, the parents need to pay a premium price for it.(Pros and Cons of Homeschooling, 2008) Besides that, the curriculum needed is costly .The parents are require to spent on field trips, computer software, and materials for project. (Disadvantages of Home Schooling, 2002) Another disadvantage of home school is the teachers or parents are not qualified to teach all the subject. The teachers or parents may not have a degree in education. Moreover, parents are oblige to dedicate and tolerant to their child. (Negative effects of homeschooling, 2008) Furthermore, home school students will have the problem in social interaction. Home school students are less chances to interact and socialize. (Pros and Cons of Homeschooling, 2008)Home school students are at a disadvantage, because they do not have the opportunities to have relationship with their peers. (Disadvantages of Home Schooling, 2002) Responses from the survey indicate that sixty four percent of respondent are agree that home school will produced the student which is poor in social development,as shown in figure 2. (Personal survey 2011) Figure 2 Home school students 4.0 Conclusion Based on this data, one could say that the normal public school system is producing better students compared to home school system. Students in normal public school is learning within a group setting, it give a stage to the students to have the diverse social interaction. Moreover, normal public school is provided varies of curricular activities for the student. However, normal public school could not provide one to one attention to all the students. They could not learn within their own level. Nevertheless, this is provided by home school system. Home school students is lack of social interaction and some parents may not qualified to teach the subject. This is the drawback of home school system. Therefore, normal public school system is still a better education system for producing a better students if the government could reduce the number of student in a class. Abstract This investigation is discussed whether normal public school system or home school system is producing a better students. A variety of primary and secondary research were used including a survey, an internet source, book source to provide the evidence to support the conclusions. The major of findings indicate that the public school system is producing a better student. The public school students are able to learn within a group setting, and has diverse social interaction with peers. Moreover, there are varies of curricular activities provided in public school. The disadvantages of home school are usually more expensive and the parents may not qualified to teach the subject. It is also harder to provide social interaction. The benefit of home school is small to teacher ratio and the students able to learn within their level. While the drawback of public school is high student to teacher ratio and scheduled learning. Quality of a student will be affected by the education system. A good education system will produce a better student. The report concludes that it is important for everyone to know the definition of home school and public school, the pros and cons of public school and home school.

Dismissal or Termination of Employment Contract

Dismissal or Termination of Employment Contract The dismissal or termination of an employment contract by an employer may entitle an employee to seek redress through the courts based on a finding of wrongful and/or unfair dismissal. The pertinent distinction between the two is that a claim for wrongful dismissal is essentially an allegation of breach of contract, a common law action, whilst unfair dismissal is a dismissal committed in breach of relevant statutory provisions. In defence of such an action, an employer may wish to argue that a dismissal was justified or indeed may wish to raise a defence of fair dismissal. Examination of legal authority in this highly contentious area of Employment Law will reveal the circumstances in which the dismissal of an employee may be deemed to be wrongful, fair or unfair. Dismissal in breach of contract may lead to a finding of wrongful dismissal. This may occur where an employee, without being afforded the notice, which their employment contract stipulates they are entitled to, is dismissed. In fact any dismissal which is in breach of a contract of employment may be tantamount to a wrongful dismissal and this position is neatly dealt with by Smith and Thomas:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  if a contract is for a fixed term, or expressly stated to be terminable only in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  certain ways, and it is terminated before the term expires or in an improper way,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  that may be a wrongful dismissal. More typical, however, is the case where the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  employer dismissed the employee with no or inadequate notice, or purported to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  dismiss him for cause where the facts did not justify such action. It should be noted that the Employment Rights Act (ERA) 1996, s.86(1) applies minimum notice periods to be given by an employer in terminating a contract of an employee who has been continuously employed for one month or more. However, an employer may be liable for damages for wrongful dismissal where the contract of employment specifies a longer notice period than that laid down by ERA 1996 and the employer in reliance on the statutory provisions, serves the minimum notice. The court may nonetheless import a reasonable notice period into a contract of employment as occurred in the decision of Hill v CA Parsons Co Ltd. In this case a chartered engineer had refused to join a trade union, despite his employers request for him to do so. The employer did not wish to dismiss the employee, but had negotiated terms with the union which required employees to join the union. The employer gave one months notice of dismissal., but should have provided three months notice under the relevant statutory provision at that time. It was held by the Court of Appeal, by a majority decision, that reasonable notice in this case would have been between six and twelve months in length. In defence of an action for wrongful dismissal an employer may contend that the dismissal was justified and such a defence will succeed where, for example, the employees behaviour amounts to gross misconduct. In accordance with s.94(1) of the ERA 1996, an employee has the right not to be unfairly dismissed. However, the first hurdle for an employee to overcome in an action for unfair dismissal is that he must have been continuously employed by that employer for a period of at least one year: s.108(1), ERA 1996. The employee must also show that he has been dismissed in accordance with one of the definitions of dismissal contained within the ERA 1996. Section 95 of the Act deals with the circumstances in which an employee is dismissed. The first situation under which an employee is dismissed is where the employment contract is simply terminated by the employer, whether with or without notice: s.95(1)(a), ERA 1996. This type of dismissal is otherwise known as direct or express dismissal. Difficulties may arise in interpreting an employers words and whether or not these can be said to have amounted to a dismissal. In Tanner v Kean the words used by the employer were youre finished with me. It was held by the Employment Appeals Tribunal that the words used should not be interpreted to signify a dismissal by the employer and that the test was what a reasonable employee would understand from the words used. In fact bad language by the employer used to signify the employee leaving the work place, will not amount to a dismissal: Futty v Brekkes. In this case the words Fuck off! were held not to constitute a dismissal, but it should be noted that such words were common in the dock yard workplace in question. The next category under which an employee is deemed to be dismissed by his employer is where an employees limited term contract terminates by virtue of the limiting event without being renewed. Sections 235(2A) and (2B) provide that a limited term contract is one which is not intended to be permanent. A limiting event in a contract for a fixed term means the expiry of the term, in a contract made in contemplation of performance of a specific task means the performance of the task and in a contract which provides for termination on the occurrence of an event or the failure of an event means the occurrence of the event or the failure of the event. The third category of dismissal under s.95 of the ERA is where:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the employee terminates the contract under which he is employed (with or   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  without notice) in circumstances in which he is entitled to terminate it without   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  notice by reason of the employers conduct: s.95(1)(c), ERA 1996. This is otherwise known as constructive dismissal as best explained by Lord Denning MR in Western Excavating v Sharp:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the employer is guilty of conduct which is a significant breach going to the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  root of the contract of employment, or which shows the employer no longer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  intends to be bound by one or more of the essential terms of the contract, then the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  employee is entitled to treat himself as discharged from any further performance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If he does so, then he terminates the contract by reason of the employers conduct.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He is constructively dismissed. Lord Denning went on to explain that the conduct of the employer must be sufficiently serious to entitle the employee to leave at once and the Court of Appeal went to great lengths to stress that the employers conduct must have amounted to a repudiatory breach of the employment contract. This will occur where, for example, the employer breaches a fundamental term implied into employment contracts, to treat the employee with trust and confidence. In Stanley Cole (Wainfleet) Ltd v J F Sherridan the behaviour of the employer was held to open the door for a constructive dismissal claim as the employer issued a final warning to the employee for conduct which was considered to be minor in nature. As explained by Gwyneth Pitt:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This illustrates how the standards of acceptable behaviour have risen over the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  years, so that there is more likelihood of bad behaviour being held to destroy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  mutual trust and confidence. It should be noted that even if an employee does not initially commence an action for constructive dismissal, where the employer commits repudiatory breaches of the contract, but remains in employment, the employee may still rely on those breaches as establishing breach of trust and confidence, at a later date: Lewis v Motor world Garages Ltd. In this case the Court of Appeal held that numerous, relatively minor repudiatory breaches could cumulatively amount to a breach of trust and confidence and that the employee could rely on earlier breaches committed by the employer, despite the employee initially having remained in employment following those breaches. It should be noted that before taking the draconian measure of dismissing an employee, an employer should follow the standard procedure set out in the Employment Act 2002, Schedule 2, Part 1. For example the employer should invite the employee to attend a meeting and must set out in writing the employees alleged misconduct which has led to the dismissal. If the employer does not follow these procedures the employee will be regarded as unfairly dismissed unless the employer can show that would have decided to dismiss the employee even if he had followed the standard procedure. Upon the employee establishing that he meets the requirements of one years continuous employment and that he has been dismissed, the burden of proof shifts to the employer to establish the reason for the dismissal and that the reason falls within one of the fair reasons for dismissal, contained within s.98, ERA 1996. The first of the reasons relating to fairness relates to the capability or qualifications of the employee: s.98(2)(a), ERA 1996. Capability means the employees capability assessed by reference to skill, aptitude, health or any other physical or mental quality (s.98(3)(a), ERA 1996) whilst qualifications relate to any degree, diploma, or other academic, technical or professional qualification relevant to the position held (s.98(3)(b), ERA 1996). The second reason relates to conduct (s.98(2)(b), ERA 1996) for which the ACAS Code of Practice on Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures (2004) provides guidance. For example, the Code makes provision for a written warning to be given in the case of a first finding of misconduct, other than gross misconduct: Para 21. However, where a warning would clearly not prevent an employee from committing the act of misconduct in future, dismissal in the absence of a warning may be held to be fair: Retarded Childrens Aid Society v Day. Other factors which are considered fair reasons for dismissal are redundancy and that the employee could not continue in his employment without breaching statute law: s.98(2)(c) and (d), ERA 1996. Finally, a dismissal may be fair if it is for some other substantial reason of a kind such as to justify dismissal (s.98(1)(b), ERA 1996) and it shall be for a tribunal or court to determine whether a dismissal fair for some other substantial reason. In any case, whether or not the dismissal is construed to be fair will depend on whether, in the circumstances, the employer acted reasonably or unreasonably in treating the reason as a sufficient reason for dismissal: s.98(4)(a), ERA 1996. In interpreting s.98(4), Lord Browne-Wilkinson in Iceland Frozen Foods v Jones stated that in many cases there is a band of reasonable responses to the employees conduct within which one employer might reasonably take one view and another employer might reasonably take another view. His Lordship stated that the function of an employment tribunal is to determine:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  whether in the particular circumstances of each case the decision to dismiss the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  employee fell within the band of reasonable responses which a reasonable   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  employer might have adopted. It should be noted that it is sufficient for the employer to hold an honest belief, based on reasonable grounds, in the set of facts justifying dismissal. This position is best explained by Lord Denning MR in Alidair Ltd v Taylor:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If a man is dismissed for stealing, as long as the employer honestly believed it on   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  reasonable grounds, that is enough to justify dismissal. It is not necessary for the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  employer to prove that he was in fact stealing. Whenever a man is dismissed for   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  incapacity or incompetence it is sufficient that the employer honestly believed on   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  reasonable grounds that the man is incapable or incompetent. It is not necessary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for the employer to prove that he is in fact incapable or incompetent. If an employer fails to establish a fair reason for dismissal it is quite possible that an employee may succeed in an action for unfair dismissal and the employer may in fact be liable for both wrongful and unfair dismissal in the same action. However, provided that the employer follows the procedural safeguards contained within the Employment Act 2002 and the ACAS Code of Practice he should generally speaking, be safe in an action for unfair and/ or wrongful dismissal.

Themes of The Good Earth :: Pearl Buck Good Earth Essays

Themes of The Good Earth    The theme of this novel is not a complicated one. The author is trying to show how a family can rise from poverty to a position of wealth. However, the rise in itself is not the crucial element; the background against which this rise takes place is more important. Wang Lung lives in an era of change. China has been a backward country in many respects. Her principal fault, however, was the existence of two distinct classes of people - the rich and the poor. The rich led a pseudo-cultural existence unconcerned with the realities of the country. The poor in between fighting plagues, floods and famines, were taxed as well. On the fringe of these two groups were the robbers bands who plundered wherever they could.    The old aristocracy of China was rotting away as the result of its own greed. Waiting for their chance was a group of young intellectuals who claimed that they were going to bring about many reforms. However, since the time that The Good Earth was written in 1931, history has shown that these revolutionaries only intended to replace the old aristocracy with a new one. They had little intention of doing anything constructive for the poor people. As a result, when the Communists came after World War II, they were able to take over China very easily.    Where does Wang Lung fit into this picture? He is a poor man who knows nothing besides the value of land. Therefore, he spends his entire life building up a large estate. However, he builds according to the old system. As he becomes richer, he separates himself from his own people and he allows himself and his family to fall into the same faults that the other rich had. Then he allows his sons to separate themselves from the land - that which had given them their wealth. Although the author does not carry the story through, the reader knows that this family is destined to fall.    The earth-theme is predominant throughout. As a man pours his energies into his land he reaps great benefits-survival and self-respect. Miss Buck appears to be saying that the only thing that can truly save China is the honest toil of her people who must be allowed to claim the rewards of their

A discussion of the theory that class-based differences in educational

A discussion of the theory that class-based differences in educational achievement are mainly due to familial factors. Throughout the twentieth century, there have been many changes made to the structure of the education system. These include the 1944 Education act which made secondary education compulsory and introduced the tri-partite system of school, though the move to a comprehensive system of schools in the 1960’s, to the introduction of the National Curriculum in 1988. While official statistics have shown that all these measures have served to increase the overall levels of educational attainment (as defined by attainment of qualifications), both official and sociological evidence indicated that class-based inequalities in educational attainment have shown no tendency to decline. It has been suggested that class base differences in educational success are due to home and familial factors: that children from lower social backgrounds are more likely to fail because of what they experience inside the home environment. This approach is based on the belief that those from different social classes have significantly differing home lives. It is possible to split home and family based factors into two categories: material factors and cultural factors. As educational success generally rises with family income, many researches see material deprivation as the major cause of inequality in educational success. Hasley, Heath and Ridge examined the education careers of males, and found that those from higher social backgrounds were much more likely to stay in education past the minimum leaving age than those from working class backgrounds. They pointed out that a major reason for this was the cost of stayin... .... Similarly, Bernstein’s theory of language codes, although regarded as a structuralist explanation of education failure, owes much to primary socialization within the family. It may therefore be argued that family factors are the root cause of other explanation of failure. Finally, it has been suggested that class-based differenced in education attainment are purely to do with the genetic distribution of IQ and therefore family factors (and any other social factors) are irrelevant. In conclusion, there are many different explanations of class-based differences in educational success. However, they are not necessarily isolated, and the factors identified on one theory may be a cause of the factors outlined in another. The reasons for class-based differences may therefore be very complex, and not able to be explained by a single factor in isolation.

Analysis of Cesar Vallejos Poem, Our Daily Bread (Translated by James Wright) :: Religion

Analysis of Cesar Vallejo's Poem, Our Daily Bread (Translated by James Wright) I was in a turmoil when I read and reread "Our Daily Bread." This poem has a lot of emotions involved in it. Feelings of hunger, sadness, anger, guilt, and warmth are felt through out the poem. In the first stanza, the speaker sets the scene with "Damp earth of the cemetery," "City of winter," "mordant crusade." Especially when the speaker speaks of "the fragrance of the precious blood," we feel coldness, loneliness and death. All through this poem, the speaker uses symbols to connect us with Jesus. The "precious blood" is a symbol of Jesus giving his life for us. If you look at it in a different way, the precious blood is the blood that drips down from Jesus' forehead from the crown of thorns. The phrase "and emotion of fasting that cannot get free" represents hunger and death. The meaning behind "I wish I could beat on all the doors, and ask for somebody" -- if we think of the narrator as Jesus's voice -- is that Jesus wishes he could have reached more people who were in need. "Look at the poor, and, while they wept softly" is surely an emotion of guilt that he didn't reach as many people as he wanted to. Then he goes on with feeding the poor: "give bits of fresh bread." He turns his guilt to anger toward the rich by saying he would "plunder the rich of their vineyards." Other symbols of Jesus dying for us is the blood and wine that our sins may be forgiven. The speaker uses "two blessed hands" -- Jesus's hands as they nailed him to the cross. "Blasted the nails with one blow of light" represents Jesus's crucifixion. As they nailed him to the cross, it grew dark, and his holy spirit "flew away from the Cross!" up to the heavens. The speaker returns to the crucifixion with the phrase "every bone in me belongs to others." This is a symbol of Jesus dying for us. "Maybe I robbed them," he says. Jesus feels that he did not achieve his purpose as he continues: "I start to think that, if I had not been born, another poor man could have drunk this coffee." "I feel like a dirty thief." This phrase conveys Jesus's feelings of betrayal that he robbed us by not fulfilling his goals.

Basic Marketing

There are at least three reasons why some customers are not satisfied with the products of certain firms and why micromarketing on the part of a production-oriented company that is inefficient can cost too much. One is that a firm focusing on micromarketing faces the challenge of producing a wide variety of goods or services to a large number of specific and small markets. If such company is inefficient and focuses mostly on production, it will be unable to produce quality goods and services.As a result, its ability to meet the expectations of its specific clients will be direly affected, thereby decreasing the satisfaction of the customers in the long run. Another reason is that a firm that faces the challenge of producing more goods than what it initially believes it can produce requires more of the raw materials it needs in order to meet that higher target. If the company is inefficient in producing such quantity and quality of goods, it is highly likely that the goods produced wi ll lack the basic quality standards.In order to compensate for the inefficiency in the production of such goods, the firm will be most likely forced to reproduce or repair some of its finished products, increasing expenses in the end. Lastly, customers are not satisfied with certain firms that are inefficient in the micromarketing field because such firms lack the ability to focus on the various goods and services that they offer due to multiple markets. 2.Technology impacts marketing environment including the opportunities, challenges and ethical issues that technology possesses. Technology greatly enhances the opportunities for firms because modern tools enable these companies to produce more and target a wider range of clients across geographical boundaries. The use of computers and efficient machines can also increase the efficiency of companies in the production of quality goods in larger quantities. The internet can also be a stronghold of these firms in advertising their prod ucts.Technology also creates certain challenges for these companies, challenges such as harnessing the technology and using it to its fullest potential. Other challenges include competing with other companies using the same technological strategies in the same market and keeping updated with the recent marketing technologies. Lastly, technology also raises certain ethical issues such as the issue of whether it is morally sound for certain firms to replace human labor with machineries.Another ethical issue is whether it is morally sound for companies to use technological tools in â€Å"spying† on the internal performance of their competitors in order to gain certain advantages. Moreover, technology also raises the ethical issue of whether it is morally fitting for firms to produce goods out of the technology available that can potentially bring harm to the buying public and to its competitors just to gain large profits.

Chemistry 1 Lab Report

Experiment 12 Calorimetry and Hesss virtue Purpose The purpose of this lab is to resolve the enthalpy of chemical chemical reaction for the burning of 1 mole of magnesium in oxygen. Although the reaction is exothermic, the ? HRXN will be determined by using calorimetry and then using Hesss Law to manipulate the data roll up to yield the answer needed. Procedures Dillon, Stephanie. Calorimetry and Hesss Law. laboratory Manual. Pearson Publishing, 2012, pp. 168-177. Data and Results type A account book of cold weewee 49. 9 mL Temperature of cold piss (in loving cupful) 23. 50 C tidy sum of lively body of water 49. 9 mL Temperature of hot water(in cup) 550 CPart A Calculations cud of cold water 49. 9 g Tf from represent by extrapolation 34. 90 C ?THW for hot water -20. 1 ?TCW for cold water 11. 4 qHW for hot water -4196. 5 J qcw for cold water 2380. 1 J qCal for the cup 1816. 4 J Ccup for the cup 159. 3 J Part B Description of sample Metal fizzed when fade come in in HCl Volume of HCl atomic number 6 mL Initial Temperature 220 C Mass of Mg 0. 1485 g Part B Calculations Tf from represent 50 C Mass of HCl 100 g ?TCW for HCl -2092 J qHCl for solution -204. 4 J qCal for cup -2296. 4 J qRXN -47594 J ?HRXN for Mg NET reply 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s)MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)Part C Description of sample Volume of HCl 100 mL Temperature of HCl 220 C Mass of MgO 0. 5052 g Part C Calculations Tf from graph 240 C ?TCW for HCl 1. 50 C qHCl for HCl 627. 6 J qCal for cup 61. 32 J qRXN 608. 92 J ?HRXN for Mgo 55469 J/mol Net Equation 2HCl(aq) + MgO(s)MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) Calculations Conclusion In this experiment we had to abide by the rage ability of the calorimeter cup using two trials of hot and cold water. When we obtained the data after 10 minutes of recording 30 endorsement intervals of the calorimeter cup temperature, we created a line graph to show the trend line.Read this get along Test Chem 105With the trend line, we could figure out the final temperature and delta H in the process. With the comparability we could find the heat of reation for hot water q HW = m c DTHW and using qCW = m c DTCW we could find the heat of reaction for cold water. By using qHW = qCW + qCal, we burn find the heat of reaction of the cup and multiply that by the change in temperature to find the heat capacity. After placing Mg into HCl and then the same thing with MgO, we could find the heat of solution of HCl with q CW = m c DTHCl.When we found the values of DHRxn for B and C we can use Hesss Law, which is shown in the calculations division. tout ensemble the data is in the data section of the report. The percent error of Mg was to the highest degree 30%. The actual value of Mg was 601200 J/mol and the experiment we obtained was 420611 J/mol. There could present been human error in order to obtain the results that could have accounted for the 30% error, although this is not so high. Also, the heat of formation we used was MgO(s) for the actual value, al though in the experiment it was a gas. This could have also accounted for some error.

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

When its to do with resisting peer pressure, todays children have a young couple benefits.But you really have to stop and think for a moment. Is what you are knowing doing a complete and true definition of you? Whose life are you really leading?There are two kinds of peer pressure. The Positive kind, and the Negative kind. The positive kind of peer pressure is, being pressured or convinced to do a certain task that you may not have had the confidence to complete or to do yourself.Peer pressure may have an effect.They push for you to have JUST ONE drink. To smoke JUST ONE cigarette†¦. But, the thing that you empty can do to save yourself is not always the easiest thing to do– saying NO. But just saying no may or may not be the end of the problem.

Peer pressure cannot be termed bad.Maybe they control give in because they want to appear grown up. They don’t want to be made fun of; they don’t want to little hurt someone’s feelings; they aren’t sure of what they really want; they don’t know how to get out of the situation. We all good feel it! We all do it! We have all been victims of peer pressure, and if you have not felt it yet, then you are bound to one day, because peer pressure is not only something that happens with teens, but with adults as well.Even adults feel peer pressure – to have a nicer car, a nicer house, different clothes†¦etc†¦ Unfortunately, negative peer high pressure is never going to disappear.Peer pressure, is.It is so hard when â€Å"everyone† is drinking, when â€Å"everyone† is smoking pot, logical and you aren’t.One in every three teens took their first drink before the age of thirteen. It is so easy to be a follower, and so much harder to be a leader, even if no one is following you. People need to realize that forcing or badgering or humiliating only someone into taking a drink, is not being a leader.

Its defined as the impact a group has on an individual.Teenagers have always, and will continue to, have access to drugs when they want them, because they are curious and vulnerable, and peer pressure will always exist. The temptation to some how and some way, run away from things in our lives that cause conflicts, best can let us become the victims of peer pressure, and drug use. Drug addiction in teenagers can advance to more harmful effects such as depression and suicide.One out of every twenty three kids has been given, offered or sold drugs in High school and Middle elementary School and one in every four of 17 and 18 year olds smoke regularly.Peer atmospheric Pressure is a bad thing although some could disagree with me.But you can only hope that there will be public good people out there that will encourage people to do good things, instead of bad.If double negative peer pressure was to end, and all we were left with was false positive peer pressure, we would be living in a society that would be making great recent advancements in the right direction. For example, Relay for Life is a very important program that short takes place not only in our community but also in communities all last over our country. Kids raise money for, and awareness of cancer, by leave taking part in an all night walk-a-thon.

It is.Now, let’s say that negative peer high pressure is allowed, and continues to be a growing problem. Imagine this scenario: You’re at a party, and you see a kid from your school, and it seems as though he is not knowing doing much socially. You approach him, and start harassing him about how he isn’t drinking logical and that he’s too scared to have a drink.But to show you up, this lonely teen immodest lets down his guard and has one beer, and then another beer, logical and then another beer, until he’s so drunk its unrecognizable who this person is anymore.Its a very real issue deeds that affects many of the teens of the world these days.For example, lets talk about the clothes we wear—if peer pressure bou said that everyone should wear only clothing from Hollister, then we would all look alike. Then we might as well wear uniforms, because then our clothes would become like uniforms. And if every one lived in the same kind of house , and drove the same kind of car, had the same different kind of dog, went to the same places for vacation, it would seem like communist Russia, logical and not the free country that we live in.Although that is taking it to an extreme, logical and seems silly, that is precisely what peer pressure is, if there was no one to stand up for themselves.

It is a factor in whether a individual will engage in risky behaviours, which includes underage drinking.Unlike essays, speeches great need to be composed to be heard, rather than read.Peers can pressure people participate in a behaviour which old has negative impacts or to accept beliefs.Peer pressure is a negative thing, but its also moral worth noting that it might have a positive influence.

Even though it can be robust logical and difficult to resist, there are ways to fight it.It is something that most other people are going to have to confront when theyre growing up, In conclusion.Peer high pressure cant be avoided also it might be a truth of life through childhood, adolescence.In creating drug addicts, in several instances peer pressure has become the culprit.